Covid19 Vaccine

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As the world goes through the most difficult time of covid-19 pandemic, which has took half a million lives and tens of millions of people infected. As the world economy shatters, the humans are finding very difficult to pay their bills as most of them have lost their jobs, so there is an urgent need of covid-19 vaccine which can stop this horror.

To make a vaccine against the virus is a challenging and complicated process, in traditional ways whole pathogen like live attenuated or killed viruses can be injected in a form of a vaccine to initiate an immune response against the antigen. But it takes lot of time to make millions of doses ready to vaccinate the entire population of humans.
Another way is to use a part of a virus such as polysaccharide or protein spike of its body as a vaccine and inject those sub particles inside the human body to initiate immune response against those sub-particles
The drawback of this way to create a vaccine is it needs lot of  lab technicians and live cells in which sub-particles are created and under the emergency situation like this it can't be possible.

So the last and the modern way to produce an effective vaccine is to use DNA or  RNA, which are used as a vaccine and injected inside human body, these genetic material carries codes of the proteins spikes of covid-19 and are translated at ribosomes of the human cells. When the manufactured proteins spikes appears on the surface of human cells, they initiate the immune response in which cytotoxic T - cells destroys the human cells which carries manufactured spike proteins of covid-19 and another action of B cells takes place, which produce antibodies to neutralize the spike proteins of covid-19 unable them to find ACE2 of another human cells. ACE2 are the gateways which helps spike proteins of covid-19 to enter a target humans cell.

As the covid-19 pandemic is getting severe day by day many Modern pharmaceutical giants are working day and night to produce an effective vaccine against the virus, these manufacturers are running against the time to save millions of human lives. Companies like Moderna, Inovia, CureVac and Oxford University are front runners. The very lethal character of a covid-19 viruse is that it mutates and for this DNA or RNA vaccines could be the answers to the lethal question.

By Assist.Prof Simratpal Singh
Department of Zoology
Govt. College Shri Muktsar Sahib.

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